Spine surgery for spondylolisthesis is a much-debated topic. While most surgeons agree that decompression of the nerves may benefit the patient, the question is whether the slipped vertebra needs to be realigned at all. It depends on what caused the spondylolisthesis. Traumatic spondylolisthesis (ie, Grade 2) can generally be easily realigned with surgery. The spine hasn't yet readjusted to accommodate the slip, so not as many spinal structures have been compromised (that's doctor-speak—not as many parts of your spine have been affected or had to readjust how they're working to make up for the slipped vertebra). To help restore your spinal alignment, your doctor may recommend surgery. However, for other types of spondylolisthesis, spine surgery is seldom the first treatment, and this is where the debate comes in. Type I spondylolisthesis, for example, is congenital, meaning it's present at birth. The rest of the spine has usually readjusted to work around the deformity, so fixing the spondylolisthesis may actually lead to other problems.
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